Week 22: Stephen and Scattering

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The Big Picture

This week we witness one of the early church’s defining crises and one of its most consequential results. As the Jerusalem church grows, internal tensions arise between Hebraic Jews and Hellenistic Jews over the daily distribution of food to widows. The apostles’ response – appointing seven men “full of the Spirit and of wisdom” to oversee the practical ministry – establishes a principle that will shape church governance for centuries: spiritual leadership must be shared, and serving tables is as Spirit-dependent as preaching sermons. Among the seven, Stephen stands out. Luke describes him as “full of grace and power” (Acts 6:8), a man whose wisdom in debate is unanswerable. His opponents resort to false witnesses and haul him before the Sanhedrin on charges of blasphemy against Moses and God.

Stephen’s defense before the council is the longest speech in Acts – a sweeping retelling of Israel’s history from Abraham to Solomon. But it is not a history lesson; it is a prosecutorial argument. Stephen demonstrates a recurring pattern: God’s chosen agents – Joseph, Moses, the prophets – are consistently rejected by the very people they were sent to save. The climax is devastating: “You stiff-necked people, uncircumcised in heart and ears, you always resist the Holy Spirit” (Acts 7:51). Stephen’s martyrdom – he is stoned while seeing a vision of Jesus standing at the right hand of God – makes him the first Christian to die for the faith. The young man guarding the coats of the executioners is Saul of Tarsus, who will soon become the church’s most feared persecutor and, eventually, its greatest missionary.

The scattering that follows Stephen’s death is one of the great ironies of redemptive history. The persecution Saul leads drives believers out of Jerusalem and into Judea, Samaria, and beyond – fulfilling the very commission of Acts 1:8 that the Jerusalem church had been slow to obey. Philip brings the gospel to Samaria and to an Ethiopian official on the Gaza road. And into this context of scattering and suffering, we read the letter of James – almost certainly the earliest document in the New Testament, written by Jesus’ half-brother to Jewish believers dispersed by persecution. James addresses the practical realities of faith under pressure: how to endure trials, how to treat the poor, how to tame the tongue, and how to demonstrate that genuine faith always produces works.

This Week’s Readings

Key Characters

• Stephen – One of the seven deacons, the first Christian martyr, whose speech reinterprets Israel’s history.
• Philip – Another of the seven, who becomes the first evangelist to Samaria and to an African court official.
• Saul of Tarsus – Introduced as a zealous persecutor who approves Stephen’s execution.
• Simon the Sorcerer – A Samaritan magician whose response to the gospel reveals mixed motives.
• The Ethiopian Eunuch – A court official from the kingdom of Meroe who encounters the gospel through Isaiah 53.
• James – The half-brother of Jesus and leader of the Jerusalem church, author of the letter.

Key Locations

• Jerusalem – Site of Stephen’s trial and martyrdom, center of the initial persecution.
• Samaria – Region of mixed Jewish-Gentile heritage where Philip brings the gospel.
• The Gaza Road – Desert route where Philip meets the Ethiopian eunuch.
• The Diaspora – The scattered communities of Jewish believers to whom James writes.

Key Themes

• Servant leadership – The appointment of the seven demonstrates that practical ministry requires spiritual qualifications
• Rejection of God’s messengers – Stephen’s speech reveals a pattern in Israel’s history that culminates in the rejection of Jesus
• Persecution as catalyst – The scattering drives the gospel beyond Jerusalem, fulfilling God’s purpose through human opposition
• Faith and works – James insists that genuine faith always expresses itself in action
• The word of God and the poor – Both Acts and James emphasize that the gospel creates communities of justice and generosity